Reflection Paper On Leadership - 1712 Words

The three peers that I sent my PAM assessment to had very different opinions me, and I just wanted to destroy them, but the best reaction that I can give to this matter is I categorically do not think I’m that bad, I feel uncomfortable, and I do not believe that I should feel guilty of over aggressive enthusiasm, I characterized and illuminated what I thought of myself regarding my strengths and weaknesses, and to collaboratively be conscious of the prognosis that my peers do not share my vision is devastating to me. Nonetheless, disagreeing about diverse facts is one thing, but when the disagreement is about an assessment it personal, and I realize it’s their opinion, and as I re-evaluate my assessment I feel I have to re-evaluate my†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, a sound leader never stops absorbing knowledge and increasing his skill set such as, making a list of areas they would comparably tweak, and learning a specialized skill set or cultivating existin g abilities, and turning into an indispensable leader. After characterizing places for progress, seek ways to obtain this education. Attending significant conferences, lunch-and-learn meetings, asking for extra assignments at work, getting an advisor, taking online classes, and contributing to professional blogs are all ways to magnify your knowledge and further your operations on the job. Potentially, developing into a healthier leader by emboldening and reassuring team members to accomplish their own respective goal. Moreover, planning goals for the future projects and getting members excited about new endeavors makes them feel like a regarded member of the group. Additionally, stepping out of their comfort zone and setting high guidelines for individual accomplishments test their initiative, and rewarding those shows that they are appreciated which makes them feel connected to the team (How to Create a Personal LeadershipShow MoreRelatedLeadership Reflection Paper : Leadership851 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Reflection Paper Leadership truly begins with understanding your strengths and is a continual process of learning how to use those strengths to influence others (Griffiths, 2014). To understand leadership the word leader has to be examined. Webster describes a leader as a guide, a person who has commanding authority or influence. Additionally, a leader must possess specific qualities and characteristics to be classified a great leader. I will future delve into these qualities andRead MoreReflection Paper On Leadership1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn my Leadership Reflection Three paper, I asserted that leadership is fundamentally a process. My defense was that leadership is a relationship, which is lived out over time, thus a process. However, now it is clear to me that leadership is not fundamentally a process, but rather a relationship. By analyzing my interviews with Daniel Del Nero, Mitchell White, and Billy Upchurch, I have concluded that the caliber and nature of a leader’s relation ship with their followers is the crucial characteristicRead MoreReflection Paper On Leadership1921 Words   |  8 PagesLeadership Paper What defines leadership? There are a number of definitions of the meaning of leadership including but not limited to the theories of leadership and how leadership should work. In my opinion, every individual has different ways of confronting situations and there is not one leadership style or theory that will be flawless for any given situation. However, to be a successful educational leader, it is crucial to understand and be familiar with the various theories and styles of leadershipRead MoreReflection Paper On Leadership1122 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership for me is based on character, discipline, and the unit mission. I believe that our mission should guide all of our leadership actions. Our mission is to be ready to mobilize, deploy as leaders, and provide mission support to our subordinate leaders. We must man the force, train the force, maintain maintenance and accountability, and above all, take care of the Soldiers. It is difficult to narrow one crucible event or one person that influenced my leadership style. My dad, CSM withRead MoreReflection Paper On Leadership1004 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Video Assessment – Leadership #2† The premise that I would agree to is â€Å"Why We Have Too Few Women Leaders!† In the Ted Talks video, Sheryl Sandberg speaks of â€Å"problems† women in the world are facing (Sandberg, 2017). These â€Å"problems† include a woman not making it to the top and women having to choose between professional success and personal fulfillment. I think that it is so wrong that a woman has to choose between having a professional life and a career. A male can have both and there’s neverRead MoreReflection Paper On Leadership1085 Words   |  5 PagesOver the course of the past 18 years, I have seen good, bad, inspiring, and demoralizing leadership qualities. True leadership is defined by one’s actions during times of adversity. The best leaders understand that when plans are not successful, it is best to step back and put pride in check. A successful course of action starts when the cause is not about one individual, but the goals of the team. Many diffe rent influences, good and bad, have shaped my career. If not for the inspirational leadersRead MoreReflection Paper On Leadership1318 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership is the ability for one person to successfully and confidently lead a group of others who want to follow them. For me, leadership is about blending together my skills and abilities with my followers so that when we work together, the product we produce is always top notch. Leadership doesn’t have to come from someone who is above me in rank; anyone who is confident and has a similar set of values to mine could lead me. When I first started this leadership course, I had the basic understandingRead MoreReflection Paper On Leadership1552 Words   |  7 PagesMy first lesson in leadership was immediately after my start in the military. As a brand-new lieutenant, I had been assigned a relatively-new airman who was popular with the members of the unit, but with a less-than-stellar track record. Prior to that assignment, I thought leadership was easy. Eventually, I had to make a very difficult and equally out-of-favor leadership recommendation. The squadron commander stood by me, advising but allowing me the freedom to choose make the right, and most ethicalRead MoreReflection Paper On Leadership1345 Words   |  6 PagesReflection Essay 1 In class, so far, we have discussed many different topics about leadership. One being different leadership theories. The one that I feel most represents the leader I want to be in the future is servant leadership. When we discussed servant leadership it was defined as this leadership model is based on the leader and the followers wanting to serve others. Basically, this means the servant leader you put your focus on the needs of others before your own. The followers goalRead MoreLeadership Reflection Paper1174 Words   |  5 Pagesleading others through a crisis are three important characteristics a leader should possess. Leadership and self-care go hand in hand. Employees respect leaders who actively listen and align their purpose around the vision and mission of the organization. Dees (2013) mentions, â€Å"Optimism is an outer display of the inner quality of hope that leads towards a positive future† (p. 222). When the honor of leadership is given to an individual, the road is not always smooth and easy. Sometimes, there are

Comparison Between Judaism And Christianity - 1711 Words

Daniel Cooney 5/15/17 Rav Shai Jewish Faith and Practice Comparison of Judaism and Christianity Judaism and Christianity may be completely different religions, but they along with many differences there are many similarities between the religions. Religions may vary from culture to culture, but mostly all are based on the same principle; that there is something greater than us that we all should believe in. Being that this is such a widespread belief, you would think that all religions would have some kind of common ground especially when it comes to two of the oldest and most significant religions in existence today. Judaism and Christianity are two of the more universally practiced religions today. They are both rooted in their†¦show more content†¦The Torah tells the story of the foundation of Judaism and how it was built. The second section of the Hebrew bible, Nevi’im also known as the Prophets is considered to have been written by people blessed with the spirit of prophecy. It contains a record of most of the important history in the years after Moses . The third portion of the Hebrew bible, Ketuvim also known as the Writings, is made up of various kinds of writings. The books in the Writings are considered to be less sacred than the books of the Prophets because the books of Prophets are thought to have been written under direct inspiration from God, while the books in the Writings are supposed to be the work of prophets working in a normal manner. Although most Jews lived by the laws of the Torah, the interpretation of the Torah is what caused the Jewish people to divide into three major sections known as the Sadducees, Pharisees, and Essenes. The Sadducees were elitists who wanted to maintain their priestly state. They did this by maintaining rituals with the temple and didn’t allow non-Sadducees in the temple. They were willing to incorporate Hellenism into their lives and they rejected the oral law and instead followed the written law, both of these opposed the Pharisees. The Pharisees were the â€Å"spiritual fathe rs† of modern Judaism. Their main distinguishing difference among the three was that they were blue collared JewsShow MoreRelatedComparison between Judaism and Christianity700 Words   |  3 Pages Comparison between Judaism and Christianity Name Institution â€Æ' Christianity and Judaism are two religions which share an origin. Abraham is the father of faith of both Christians and Judaists. The two religions are based on the Old Testament; however, Judaism has refused to acknowledge the New Testament. It is said that is a Judaist accepts Christianity, and then become complete. However, if a pagan accepts Christianity, they are converted because they do not have the basis that is providedRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1052 Words   |  5 PagesAubrey Fletcher 3/9/15 Humanities Professor Michaud 417868 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam There are roughly 4,200 different religions in the world today, among them the largest are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These three religions are more similar then one would think. Christianity is the largest religion in the world with 2 billion followers and are called Christians. Islam is the second largest religion in the world with 1.3 billion followers. They are called Muslims, which means â€Å"oneRead MoreConflicts Between Christians and Jews are Low Essay765 Words   |  4 PagesIn a world where religion is becoming more and more important so is religious tolerance. Dennis Quad once said, â€Å"Certainly Im a Christian first and foremost. But I do believe in religious tolerance and finding the commonality between all of us. I think thats how were all going to come together†. Because of people like this, if one million Jewish people and one million Christians moved within the borders of the same country the level of religious conflict would be low in the country because theRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pages Humanities 7 July 2015 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam The religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have some significant similarities, but also many differences. These religions are founded on the same basic religious beliefs; however with each large similarity, there are major differences in how that belief is made up and practiced. Each of these religions has a Holy Book that is, ‘the word of God,’ and that the followers use as a guide to live by. Judaism has the Hebrew Tanakh whichRead More Compare and Contrast Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Human beings have always been curious about the meaning and purpose of life. Religions try to answer the curiosity people have about there being a higher source, typically identifying this greater domination as God. Some beliefs teach that there is only one G-d this is defined as a monotheistic religion. Some examples of monotheistic religions are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Although each sect has a different perspective on teachingsRead MoreCreation Myths in the Abrahamic Religions1850 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Charles Dickens, â€Å"The whole difference between construction and creation is this: that a thing constructed can only be loved after it is constructed; but a thing created is loved before it exists† (qtd. in â€Å"Charles Dickens†). Although the creation stories of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have some differences, the fact that the three Abrahamic religions all arose in the same Middle Eastern area in succession may have had an effect on not only each religion’s beliefs that can be foundRead MoreWhat was the Temple Judaism Period? 711 Words   |  3 PagesTemple Judaism is the form of Judaism that took place mainly between 515 B.C. to 70 A.D and is commonly referred to as â€Å"Second Temple Judaism† by plenty of academics. The primary sources of research for this period of Judaism is often referred to in The Book Of Maccabees, The Dead Sea Scrolls, and The New Testament. As far as key practices go for Temple Judaism, the fundamentals to Judaism now where developed in this time period such as the seven laws of Noah, and the establishment of maintainingRead MoreWorld Religions and the North Africa/Southwest Asia Realm854 Words   |  4 Pagesreligions; Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Centuries of conflict lie at the heart of this realm due to differences in religious beliefs. In reviewing the scripture readings presented for this lesson, each religion has one intrinsic similarity; that is the belief in God. Where both Islam and Judaism view God as one entity, Christians believe in the Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit), (Islam, Judaism and, 2004-2013). Review of the scripture readings show that both Judaism and Christianity areRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthat keeps many people going in life but at the same time, the same reason our world has so many problems and has been torn apart. Through studying the main tenets in call, Judaism, Christianity and Islam were analyzed for weeks. Christianity and Islam take the cake for the two biggest religions in today’s population however, Judaism plays the smallest role. These three religions, although different, are easily able to be compared and contrasted because of all of the history and information we have attainedRead MoreCompare Contrast Religion Essay1100 W ords   |  5 PagesComparisons and Contrasts between Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Between the religions of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, there are many similarities and differences that are dealt within each of them. Throughout these religions, we can compare and contrast different aspects of each religion such as some of the basic facts of their histories and some of the religious beliefs each of them have in common and or make them different from each other. In the country known as Palestine, the religions

The Influence of Atheism in the Enlightenment Free Essays

The Influence of Atheism on the Age of the Enlightenment While skepticism and doubt have had a presence in human thought for nearly as long as religious faith has existed, they have had a place within religious thought rather than in opposition to it for the vast majority of their existence. Doubt was generally employed by religious thinkers for the purpose of strengthening and explaining their faith, as can be seen in the numerous â€Å"proofs† for the existence of God formulated by the great theologians of the Middle Ages, such as Thomas Aquinas and Anselm of Canterbury. With the new science and philosophy of the Enlightenment, however, unbelief began to be seen as a viable alternative option that stood in opposition to faith. We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of Atheism in the Enlightenment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition to the popular deism of the Enlightenment, espoused by such important figures as Voltaire and Maximilien Robespierre, atheism also found its first explicit adherents among such figures of the French Enlightenment as Baron d’Holbach and Jacques Andre Naigeon. This new view of disbelief would have a major influence on subsequent generations of thinkers in the West as proponents of religion now had to contend with disbelief as a rival system of thought and many of the most influential philosophies, such as those of Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Marx, supported and often assumed this concept of disbelief. Among the numerous new concepts introduced by the philosophers of the Enlightenment, one of those which have had the longest lifespan and the greatest impact has been the introduction of disbelief as a viable alternative position to religious faith, Atheism. One of the most central philosophical pursuits of the Middle Ages was the attempt to reconcile faith and reason. Medieval thinkers had inherited both the religious tradition of the ancient Middle East, which they saw as representative of faith, and the philosophical tradition of ancient Greece, which they saw as representative of reason. In their attempts to synthesize the two, the primary question they encountered was whether the existence of God, the primary object of faith, could be proved through the use of reason alone. Some of the greatest thinkers who have ever lived have pored at length over this question. † One of the most remarkable features of Medieval philosophy is the centrality of this question when compared with the apparent nonexistence of any separate class of nonbelievers. Not only are there no surviving writings by or about any person espousing outright unbelief during the Middle Ages, but according to Sarah Stroumsa, â€Å"in the discussions of God’s existence the actual opponents† of the philosophers examining the question â€Å"are not identified as individuals. As a group they are sometimes referred to as heretics, unbelievers, materialists, or skeptics. † Some of the greatest minds of the Middle Ages, then, dedicated large portions of their work to arguing against an entirely theoretical unbelief. When Anselm of Canterbury formulated his ontological argument and Thomas Aquinas formulated his famous â€Å"five ways† to prove the existence of God, they themselves assumed doubt in their writings in order to strengthen faith through reason and to demonstrate that faith and reason are compatible and complimentary. Later, in the fifteenth century, however, William of Occam set about undoing the synthesis which had been accomplished by Anselm, Aquinas, and others like them. Occam believed that â€Å"logic and theory of knowledge had become dependent on metaphysics and theology† as a result of their work and that they had made reason subservient to faith. He â€Å"set to work to separate them again. As a result of his work to separate faith and reason, according to Richard Tarnas, there arose the psychological necessity of a double-truth universe. Reason and faith came to be seen as pertaining to different realms, with Christian philosophers and scientists, and the larger educated Christian public, perceiving no genuine integration between the scientific reality and the religious reality. As scientific knowledge in Europe continued to increase exponentially, the gap between faith and reason continued to widen. Faith had grown detached from reason in ever more literal interpretations of the Bible and the sola fide, or â€Å"faith alone,† dogma of Protestantism, whereas reason increasingly freed itself from reference to faith and instead found its abode in the empirical sciences and â€Å"natural theology,† an approach to religion based on reason and experience rather than speculation and appeal to revelation, of Enlightenment thinkers like Descartes. Traditional Christianity, with its miracles and saints, came increasingly to be viewed as outdated and superstitious. This was especially true in the light of Newtonian physics. A mechanistic universe which operated consistently according to a standard set of laws did not allow for â€Å"alleged miracles and faith healings, self-proclaimed religious revelations and spiritual ecstasies, prophecies, symbolic interpretations of natural phenomena, encounters with God or the devil† and so on and so these ideas increasingly came to be viewed â€Å"as the effects of madness, charlatanry, or both. † According to Jacques Barzun, â€Å"religion as such [was] not attacked; it [was] redefined into simplicity. † In the light of this new scientific knowledge and the new views of religion it engendered, a new religious movement was needed. The new religious movement that emerged from this situation was deism. Deism allowed that â€Å"one may well be overawed by the Great Archetict and His handiwork;†13 after all, â€Å"Newton’s cosmic architecture demanded a cosmic architect. †14 However, â€Å"the attributes of such a God could be properly derived only from the empirical examination of his creation, not from the extravagant pronouncements of revelation. † The deists also prescribed that religion include much emphasis on â€Å"good morals,† as they, like the belief in a creator, â€Å"are universal† as well. This rather tenuous set of beliefs, however, could not hold for long. Samuel Clarke, an early English Enlightenment philosopher, noted in a letter to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz that The notion of the world’s being a great machine, going on without the interposition of God as a clock continues to go without the assistance of a clockmaker, is the notion of materialism and fate and tends (under pretense of making God a supramundane intelligence) to exclude providence and God’s government in reality out of the world. And by the same reason that a philosopher can represent all things going on from the beginning of the creation without any government or interposition of providence, a skeptic will easily argue still further backward and suppose that things have from eternity gone on (as they now do) without any true creation or original author at all but only what such arguers call all-wise and eternal nature. As more thinkers began to realize this, â€Å"the rationalist God †¦ soon began to lose philosophical support. Disbelief was no longer just the doubt and needs for â€Å"proofs† that had been present in Medieval thought. It was no longer theoretical and it was no longer subservient to the needs of religious thinkers in their attempts to strengthen the case for faith. Disbelief had become a new and distinct religious category in its own right. Later generations of Western thinkers (drawing on the thought of the Enlightenment in religious matters just as they did in political and ec onomic matters) carried on the Enlightenment’s new movement of disbelief. According to Richard Tarnas, It would be the nineteenth century that would bring the Enlightenment’s secular progression to its logical conclusion as Comte, Mill, Feuerbach, Marx, Haeckel, Spencer, Huxley, and, in a somewhat different spirit, Nietzsche all sounded the death knell of traditional religion. The Judaeo-Christian God was man’s own creation, and the need for that creation had necessarily dwindled with man’s modern maturation. Most Western philosophy after the Enlightenment, in fact, no longer felt the need to even argue for or against the existence of God. Rather, philosophers like those named by Tarnas as well as many others simply assumed the nonexistence of God as a fact and formulated their philosophy without regard to the existence of a deity. Ludwig Feuerbach, one of these nineteenth century philosophers who built on the work of the Enlightenment philosophers, stated explicitly that The question as to the existence or non-existence of God, the opposition between theism and atheism, belongs to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries but not to the nineteenth. I deny God. But that mans for me that I deny the negation of man. In place of the illusory, fantastic, heavenly position of man which in actual life necessarily leads to the degradation of man, I substitute the tangible, actual and consequently also the political and social position of mankind. The question concerning the existence or non-existence of God is not important but the question concerning the existence or non-existence of man is. For the philosophers of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and even the Enlightenment, â€Å"the question concerning the existence or non-existence of God† had, of course, been seen as being of the utmost following the importance of the Enlightenment. Only a philosopher who lived in the wake of the Enlightenment and accepted its presuppositions in materialism and determinism would have been able to make such a statement as Feuerbach’s; his words are demonstrative of how influential the atheism of the Enlightenment had become. Though his words bout himself can only fairly be applied specifically to Feuerbach and do play an important role in his unique philosophy, much the same sentiments can with confidence be assigned to the vast majority of other great philosophers who The disbelief of the Enlightenment has also had a major effect on popular philosophy and religion, especially in Europe. According to the 2005 Eurobarometer Poll, approximately 18% of the citizens of countrie s in the European Union report that they â€Å"don’t believe there is any kind of spirit, God or life force. 29 This is a significant change, of course, from the situation in Europe during the Middle Ages, when Anselm, Aquinas, and others like them directed their arguments for the existence of God against vague, theoretical, and unnamed â€Å"skeptics† and â€Å"heretics. † The new prominence and popularity of disbelief also had a major effect within Christianity for much the same reason. Unbelievers were now real and unbelief itself now a viable alternative to religious faith; as a result, many believers felt a need to go on the defensive. Doubt, and even any application of reason to Christianity and to issues of faith, came to be viewed as insidious enemies, not as the means to the strengthening and further understanding of faith as in previous generations. 30 In removing a rational element from faith, faith came to be ever more irrational and, occasionally in later Western history, even anti-rational, as is evidenced by the growth and influence of Christian and semi-Christian sects focused on otherworldly mysticism, ecstatic experience, and emotionalism to the exclusion of logical thought and scientific knowledge in America and Europe during and following the Enlightenment. Christian apologetic also took on a more forceful character, as Christian apologists found it necessary to concede as little as possible to the unbelievers, such as defending extremely literal interpretations of the six-day creation and worldwide flood described in the biblical book of Genesis, whereas earlier generations of Christians had generally interpreted these events in allegorical and mystical terms. 31 Christian apologists also found it necessary to attack their unbelieving opponents with a new zeal, labeling them as â€Å"missionaries of evil† and focusing the bulk of their apologetic efforts on disbelief ather than on other religions or Christian heresies. 32 The attempts to reconcile faith and reason and the use of doubt as a faith-building tool had become things of the past. Doubt has been implicit within and an aspect of religious belief for as long as religious ideas have existed. This is especially true of the Christian religious tradition, whose most intellect ual adherents found reasonable arguments for the existence of God to be necessary in the course of their attempts to reconcile the inheritances they had received from both ancient Judaism and ancient Athens. The eventual reconciliation of faith with reason, though accomplished during the Middle Ages, fell apart as the Middle Ages ended, largely under the influence of William of Occam. With the dawn of the Enlightenment in Europe and especially the new scientific knowledge which it brought with it, the separation that had been wrought between faith and reason widened continually and ever more deeply. Deism originally rose from the â€Å"reason† side of this split as a supposedly reasonable alternative to religious superstition; it attempted to formulate a set of religious beliefs that was pared down to the basics of the existence of a creator God and a moral system he had ordained alongside the laws of the universe. As the universe and human beings themselves came to be viewed increasingly as natural machines, however, there was less and less need for the existence of a God or the plausibility of holding to a moral system based on one. With d’Holbach, atheismefound its first outspoken spokesman, extolling a worldview in which there was no God and everything that existed was part of the material world. As with much Enlightenment philosophy, this view subsequently gained such popularity and influence among philosophers that it became the assumed standpoint of later generations of philosophers. As with any great new idea, the effects became tremendous once atheism reached the ears of the people at large, reshaping the nature of both religious belief and disbelief throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and continuing through to today. How to cite The Influence of Atheism in the Enlightenment, Essay examples

Atomic Bomb Essay Thesis Example For Students

Atomic Bomb Essay Thesis Just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Urged by Hungarian-born physicists Leo Szilard, Eugene Wingner, and Edward Teller, Einstein told Roosevelt about Nazi German efforts to purify Uranium-235 which might be used to build an atomic bomb. Shortly after that the United States Government began work on the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the United States effort to develop the atomic bomb before the Germans did. The first successful experiments in splitting a uranium atom had been carried out in the autumn of 1938 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin(Groueff 9) just after Einstein wrote his letter. So the race was on. Major General Wilhelm D. Styer called the Manhattan Project the most important job in the war . . . an all-out effort to build an atomic bomb.(Groueff 5) It turned out to be the biggest development in warfare and sciences biggest development this century. The most complicated issue to be addressed by the scientists working on the Manhattan Project was the production of ample amounts of enriched uranium to sustain a chain reaction.(Outlaw 2) At the time, Uranium-235 was hard to extract. Of the Uranium ore mined, only about 1/500 th of it ended up as Uranium metal. Of the Uranium metal, the fissionable isotope of Uranium (Uranium- 235) is relatively rare, occurring in Uranium at a ratio of 1 to 139. (Szasz 15) Separating the one part Uranium-235 from the 139 parts Uranium-238 proved to be a challenge. No ordinary chemical extraction could separate the two isotopes. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate U-235 from U-238.(2) Scientists at Columbia University solved this difficult problem. A massive enrichment laboratory/plant(Outlaw 2) was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey, his associates, and colleagues at Columbia University designed a system that worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion. (2) After this process was completed, Ernest O. Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes.(2) Finally, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. The Uranium-238 is forced to the bottom because it had more mass than the Uranium-235. In this manner uranium-235 was enriched from its normal 0.7% to weapons grade of more than 90%.(Grolier 5) This Uranium was then transported to the Los Alamos, N. Mex. , laboratory headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer.(Grolier 5) Oppenheimer was the major force behind the Manhattan Project. He literally ran the show and saw to it that all of the great minds working on this project made their brainstorms work. He oversaw the entire project from its conception to its completion.(Outlaw 3) Once the purified Uranium reached New Mexico, it was made into the components of a gun-type atomic weapon. Two pieces of U-235, individually not large enough to sustain a chain reaction, were brought together rapidly in a gun barrel to form a supercritical mass that exploded instantaneously.(Grolier 5) It was originally nicknamed Thin Man'(after Roosevelt, but later renamed Little Boy (for nobody) when technical changes shortened the proposed gun barrel. (Szasz 25) The scientists were so confident that the gun-type atomic bomb would work no test was conducted, and it was first employed in military action over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945.(Grolier 5) Before the Uranium-235 Little Boy bomb had been developed to the point of seeming assured of success,(Grolier 5) another bomb was proposed. The Uranium-238 that had been earlier ruled out as an option was being looked at. It could capture a free neutron without fissioning and become Uranium-239. But the Uranium-239 thus produced is unstable (radioactive) and decays first to neptunium-239 and then to plutonium-239.(Grolier 5) This proved to be useful because the newly created plutonium-239 is fissionable and it can be separated from uranium by chemical techniques,(6) which would be far simpler than the physical processes to separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. Once again the University of Chicago, under Enrico Fermis direction built the first reactor. The Scarlet Letter Persuasive Essay Their mission had been successfully accomplished, however, they questioned whether the equilibrium in nature had been upset as if humankind had become a threat to the world it inhabited.(Outlaw 3) Oppenheimer was ecstatic about the success of the bomb, but quoted a fragment from Bhagavad Gita. I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds. Many people who were involved in the creation of the atomic bomb signed petitions against dropping the bomb. The atomic bomb has been used twice in warfare. The Uranium bomb nicknamed Little Boy, which weighed over 4.5 tons, was dropped over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. At 0815 hours the bomb was dropped from the Enola Gay. It missed Ground Zero at 1,980 feet by only 600 feet. At 0816 hours, in the flash of an instant, 66,000 people were killed and 69,000 people were injured by a 10 kiloton atomic explosion.(Outlaw 4) See blast ranges diagram Nagasaki fell to the same treatment as Hiroshima on August 9, 1945. The plutonium bomb, Fat Man, was dropped on the city. It missed its intended target by over one and a half miles. Nagasakis population dropped in one split-second from 422,000 to 383,000. 39,000 were killed, over 25,000 were injured. That blast was less than 10 kilotons as well. Physicists who have studied the atomic explosions conclude that the bombs utilized only 0.1% of their respective explosive capabilities.(Outlaw 4) Controversy still exists about dropping the two atomic bombs on Japan. Arguments defending the Japanese claim the atomic bomb did not win the war in the Pacific; at best, it hastened Japanese acceptance of a defeat that was viewed as inevitable. (Grolier 8) Other arguments state that the United States should have warned the Japanese, or that we should have invited them to a public demonstration. In retrospect that U.S. use of the atomic bomb may have been the first act of the cold war.(Grolier 8) On the other side, advocates claimed that the invasion of the Japanese islands could and would result in over one million military casualties plus the civilian losses based on previous invasions of Japanese occupied islands